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The isotype of a primary antibody and the application it is being used in can result in background staining. Primary antibody background noise can be caused by binding to Fc receptors on target cells; by non-specific interactions with cellular proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; or by cell autofluorescence. Isotype control antibodies can act as negative controls to help differentiate non-specific background signal from specific antibody signal because they have no relevant specificity to a target antigen. While isotype controls are most commonly used in flow cytometry, they are useful in other applications such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), immunohistochemistry, and gel shifts. Isotype controls should match with the primary antibody species and isotype so that the level of specific staining by the primary antibody may be accurately determined. If using directly labeled primary antibodies, the isotype control works best if conjugated with the same label as the test antibody.Concentration may vary slightly from lot-to-lot, see lot-specific datasheet for exact concentration.Purity/Antibody Specificity: The precipitin lines against goat anti-human whole serum are the same as those against goat anti-human IgG, Fc fragment specific when assayed by immunoelectrophoresis. No cross-reactivity was observed against goat anti-human IgM, Fc5-mu fragment specific or goat anti-human IgA, alpha chain specific. This antibody is recommended for use in blocking assays, immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescent applications.Storage: After opening, dilute only enough antibody for a single day's use.The human source material used to make this antibody has been tested and found negative for Anti-HIV-1/HIV-2),HCV antibodies, HBsAg and ALT (SGPT).Country of Origin: USA
