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Interleukin 10 (IL-10, CSIF) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by macrophages and Th2 cells. IL-10 is an 18.6 kDa protein of 160 amino acid residues that shares over 80% sequence homology with the Epstein-Barr Virus protein (BCRFI). The reported biological activities of IL-10, which maybe interrelated, include inhibition of macrophage-mediated cytokine synthesis, suppression of the delayed-type hyper-sensitivity response, and stimulation of the Th2 cell response which results in elevated antibody production. IL-10 functions by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines made by macrophages and regulatory T cells including IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IL-3, IL-4, and GM-CSF. IL-10 is also known to suppress antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. While human IL-10 can act on murine cells, murine IL-10 cannot act on human cells. Binds to a retinoid X receptor (RXR) responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter (CRBPII-RXRE). IL-10 inhibits the 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element. Knockout studies in mice suggest the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. : Human IL-10 is a ∽18 kDa factor also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF). Th2 T cells, B1 B cells and keratinocytes are the major cell subsets that produce IL-10. IL-10 inhibits synthesis of Th1 cytokines and proliferation of T cells and acts as a costimulatory signal for mast cells, developing thymocytes and Th2 response. Applications Reported: Human IL-10 RSG ELISA Lyophilized Standard has been reported for use in the Human IL-10 ELISA RSG (cat. 88-7106). Applications Tested: The intended use of the Human IL-10 RSG ELISA Lyophilized Standard is as a standard for the Human IL-10 ELISA (cat. 88-7106). Typically the standard is run in a series of 7 doubling dilutions from the ′top′ standard. Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis included with each ELISA set for instructions on the proper reconstitution and dilution of the lyophilized standard. Note: These are single-use vials. Use one time within 4 hours of reconstitution and discard. Reconstitute and dilute as suggested in the Certificate of Analysis or recovery may not be accurate. Source: E. coli expressed amino acids Ser 19-Asn 178 of mature human IL-10 accession &Num; NM_000572.
