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The Rab proteins are small GTP-binding molecules that are localized to specific intracellular vesicles and organelles and are important for vesicular trafficking. The Rab proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Rab4 is associated with early endosomes and recycling vesicles. It is involved in the recycling of receptors to the plasma membrane and regulates membrane recycling from early endosomes. Rab4 has been reported to be membrane-bound during interphase. However, it can be found as a cytosolic protein during mitosis. It is thought that Rab4 is phosphorylated by cdc2/cyclin B during mitosis and that Ser196 on Rab4 is the recognition site of cdc2. Mutation of Ser196 results in Rab4 membrane association during mitosis in an unphosphorylated form. Together this data indicates that Rab4 is phosphorylated by cdc2 on Ser196 which releases it into the cytosol during mitosis. In addition, Rab4 may play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport into rat adipocytes. Rab4 has also been reported to be associated with vesicles that contain GLUT4, a glucose transporter isoform.Immunofluorescence, Western Blotting
